
Problem
To determine the main issue with the collapse in union membership and how it has negatively impacted working conditions several case studies can be used to identify the issue and offer possible solutions.
Case Studies
America
One such case study focused on by this paper was the United States. The history of labor organizing within the United States goes back to the mid-1800s when industrialization allowed for large factories which hire lots of workers. Working conditions back then were terrible and work place injuries were common. Worker unionized to better protect themselves successfully pressuring the government to pass reforms like minimum wage, workplace safety and 8-hour work days. Strikes and mass disruptions were common as a tactic to further pressure employer and the government to act. In 1913, the United States created the Department of Labor to better manage and over see labor relations. In 1935, the National Labor Relations Act was passed creating the National Labors Relations Board which allowed the Federal government to intervene in labor disputes.
Britain
United Kingdom
Here we can look at a second case study, the United Kingdom. By the 1960s and the rise of Margret Thatcher in Britain, labor laws were soon rolled back or cancelled entirely. A program of privatization also included acts to relax or weaken labor laws to better promote private industry. This allowed employers to use unfair labor practices like forced overtime and illegal firings.
France
The Fifth Republic of France
In membership terms the French trade union movement is one of the weakest in Europe with only 11% of employees in unions. It is divided into a number of rival confederations, competing for membership. (The main confederations are the CGT, CFDT, FO, CFTC and CFE-CGC.) But despite low membership and apparent division, French trade unions have strong support in elections for employee representatives and have been able to mobilise French workers to great effect.